If this album is anything like their previous releases, then it's possible I have missed out. Eddie's voice is still strong gives it a full workout on Lightning Bolt. Mc. Cready plays hard, fast and fun. Cameron's drumming is incredible as always. If the first two tracks- Getaway and Mind Your Manners- don't get you going then.. Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet. Iris Shai, R.D., Ph.D., Dan Schwarzfuchs, M.D., Yaakov Henkin, M.D., Danit R. The name comes from the idea that people should take one day. Can this medication increase weight loss results? A detailed review of Contrave ingredients, side effects & cost. Contrave reviews & dosage information. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women . Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. Objective. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile (low- density lipoprotein, high- density lipoprotein, and non. Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 1. The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing. Results. Mean 1. 2- month weight loss was as follows: Atkins, . Weight loss was not statistically different among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. At 1. 2 months, secondary outcomes for the Atkins group were comparable with or more favorable than the other diet groups. Conclusions. While questions remain about long- term effects and mechanisms, a low- carbohydrate, high- protein, high- fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. Trial Registration. National dietary weight loss guidelines (ie, energy- restricted, low in fat, high in carbohydrate)7 have been challenged, particularly by proponents of low- carbohydrate diets. However, limited evidence has been available to effectively evaluate other diets. Several recent trials compared low- carbohydrate vs traditional low- fat, high- carbohydrate weight- loss diets. The primary study objective was to examine the effects of diets and gradations of carbohydrate intake on weight loss and related metabolic variables in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Premenopausal women aged 2. Women were excluded if they self- reported hypertension (except for those whose blood pressure was stable using antihypertension medications); type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus; heart, renal, or liver disease; cancer or active neoplasms; hyperthyroidism unless treated and under control; any medication use known to affect weight/energy expenditure; alcohol intake of at least 3 drinks/d; or pregnancy, lactation, no menstrual period in the previous 1. How I Lost Weight Eating One Meal A Day: I lost 30lbs over 5 months eating 1 meal in the evening. This is my experience. Weight Watchers did not pay me nor did they ask me to write my story. I just wanted to share my journey and I hope that if you are also on the track to a healthier. The Atkins diet, also known as the Atkins nutritional approach, is a low-carbohydrate diet promoted by Robert Atkins and inspired by a research paper he read in The. Finding The Right Contractor Shouldn't Be Painful Doing the right home improvement or remodeling project can add real value to any type of home, if done correctly and.Race/ethnicity data were collected by self- report to be used for descriptive purposes and possible ancillary analyses of subgroups. All study participants provided written informed consent. The study was approved annually by the Stanford University Human Subjects Committee. Randomization was conducted in blocks of 2. Participants were assigned 1 of 4 diet books: Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution,8. Enter the Zone,9. The LEARN Manual for Weight Management,1. Eat More, Weigh Less by Ornish. Each diet group attended 1- hour classes led by a registered dietitian once per week for 8 weeks and covered approximately one eighth of their respective books per class. The same dietitian taught all classes to all groups in all 4 cohorts and was rated by participants at the end of the 8- week sessions for enthusiasm and knowledge of the material (rating scale of 1- 5, from . The LEARN program is intended to be a 1. Efforts to maximize retention in the study included e- mail and telephone reminders for appointments, e- mail or telephone contact from staff between the 2- and 6- month and between the 6- and 1. Each group received specific target goals according to the emphasis of the assigned diet. The Atkins group aimed for 2. The Zone group's primary emphasis was a 4. The LEARN group was instructed to follow a prudent diet that included 5. The primary emphasis for the Ornish group was no more than 1. Additional recommendations given for physical activity, nutritional supplements, and behavioral strategies were consistent with those presented in each diet book. The guidelines for the Zone and LEARN diets incorporated specific goals for energy restriction, while for the Atkins and Ornish diets, there were no specific energy restriction goals. A range of behavior modification techniques were discussed during the 2- month classes. The Ornish and Zone books suggest some stimulus- control strategies but on the whole do not emphasize behavior modification, whereas both the Atkins and LEARN books suggest multiple strategies, such as relapse preparation and planning strategies and goal setting. Overall, the LEARN manual has the greatest emphasis on behavior modification strategies. Dietary intake data were collected by telephone- administered, 3- day, unannounced, 2. Nutrition Data System for Research software, versions 4. Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). Data collectors were trained and certified by the Nutrition Coordinating Center. The recalls occurred on 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day per time point, on nonconsecutive days whenever possible. Local foods not found in the comprehensive database were added to the database manually. Energy expenditure was assessed using the well- established Stanford 7- day physical activity recall. Anthropometric Data. Height was measured to the nearest millimeter using a standard wall- mounted stadiometer. Body weight was measured to the nearest 0. Waist and hip circumference were measured to the nearest millimeter by standard procedures using a 1. Whole- body fat (percentage of body mass) was determined by dual- energy x- ray absorptiometry using pencil- beam mode on the Hologic QDR- 2. Hologic QDR 4. 50. Hologic Inc, Waltham, Mass). Metabolic Measures. Blood samples were collected after a 1. Plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides (free glycerol blank subtracted) were measured enzymatically using Stanford Clinical Chemistry Laboratory. Clinic and laboratory staff members were blinded to treatment assignment. The selected minimal clinically significant between- group difference in weight change was 2. Based on previous trials, we projected a 6. SD of weight change. The primary analysis was conducted applying intention- to- treat methods with baseline values carried forward for missing values. Thus, with 4 treatment groups and a projected 7. Dietary composition data (energy intake; percentage carbohydrate, fat, and protein; and grams of saturated fat and fiber) were analyzed using raw, unadjusted means (SDs) (ie, no imputation for missing data). Between- group differences in dietary intake at each time point were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA). For weight and for all secondary outcome measures, analyses were conducted using all time points and all diets and were tested for diet group. Triglyceride data were log- transformed to attain normal distributions for testing; for ease of interpretation, values presented in the text and figures are untransformed. Differences among diets for 1. ANOVA. For statistically significant ANOVAs, all pairwise comparisons among the 4 diets were tested using the Tukey studentized range adjustment. Statistical testing of changes from baseline to 2 months and to 6 months using pairwise comparisons are presented for descriptive purposes. For exploratory purposes, ancillary analyses were conducted to determine the effect of diet group assignment on secondary outcomes at 1. Also for exploratory purposes, all analyses of weight and secondary outcome measures were tested using only available data, without using baseline values carried forward for missing data or other imputation methods. There were no substantive differences in any of these findings compared with the analyses with baseline values carried forward and, therefore, only the primary analyses are presented. Multiple regression was used to examine potential interactions between race/ethnicity and diet group for effects on weight loss; there were no significant interactions. All statistical tests were 2- tailed using a significance level of . Figure 1 shows participant flow; Table 1 shows baseline characteristics. In all 4 diet groups, 8. Attendance was not different by diet group (P. Retention at 1. 2 months was 8. Atkins, Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups, respectively, and was not significantly different among groups (P. Participant ratings for class instructor enthusiasm and knowledge of material were very high for both among all diet groups and were not significantly different among groups; average scores ranged from 4. However, relative to baseline, there was a significant mean decrease in reported energy intake at all postrandomization time points (P<. At subsequent time points the diets were statistically different in carbohydrate content, progressing from low to high across the Atkins, Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. This same pattern was observed for fiber intake. The reverse pattern, higher to lower intakes, was statistically significant for protein, fat, and saturated fat at all time points. Between- group differences in patterns of nutrient intake were largest at 2 months. At 1. 2 months, the patterns of nutrient differences between groups were still present, but the magnitude of differences was diminished. Total energy expenditure was slightly higher for the Ornish group vs the other 3 groups at baseline but was not significantly different among groups at any subsequent time point (Table 1). Relative to baseline, there was a modest and significant mean increase (P<. SD, 2. 8), +0. 4 (SD, 2. SD, 3. 0) kcal/kg per day at 2, 6, and 1. At the 2- and 6- month intermediate time points, the weight change for the Atkins group was significantly greater than for all other groups (P<. Weight change among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups did not differ significantly at any time point. The pattern of changes in body mass index, percentage of body fat, and waist- hip ratio among groups paralleled the changes in weight, although the between- group differences at 1. P. Four of the LDL- C values could not be calculated because of triglyceride concentrations greater than 4. L (4. 5. 2 mmol/L) and were treated as missing data. At all time points, the statistically significant findings for HDL- C and triglycerides concentrations favored the Atkins group (Table 3). Changes in LDL- C concentrations at 2 months favored the LEARN and Ornish diets over the Atkins diet; however, these differences diminished and were no longer significant at 6 and 1. Non- HDL- C differences among groups were not significant at any time point. Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction . After 2 months of maximum effort, participants selected their own. Main Outcome Measures. Greater effects were. Each diet significantly reduced the low- density. HDL) cholesterol ratio by approximately. P<. 0. 5), with no significant effects on. Amount of weight loss was associated. For. each diet, decreasing levels of total/HDL cholesterol, C- reactive protein. Overall dietary adherence rates were low, although increased. Popular diets have become increasingly prevalent and controversial. More than 1. 00. 0 diet books are now available,2 with many popular ones departing substantially from. Cover stories for. Atkins diet),1. 0 many modulate macronutrient balance and glycemic. Zone diet),1. 1 and others restrict. Ornish diet). 1. 2 Given the growing. Unfortunately, data. Of note, this study only evaluated the dietary components. Of 1. 01. 0 telephone. Boston, Mass, from July 1. January 2. 4, 2. 00. Figure 1). Exclusion. L (. Participants did not receive any monetary compensation. Our recruitment strategy was designed. Randomization and Intervention. We administered dietary advice to small groups rather than individually. Once each of the 4 class rosters contained approximately. Latin- square sequence. This method was used. Study personnel were blinded to dietary assignments (revealed by the. A new set of diet. A single team composed of a dietitian and physician (M. L. D., J. A. G.). At the first meeting, the team revealed. The Zone group aimed for a 4. Lists. provided by the Weight Watchers Corporation determined point values of common. The Ornish group aimed for a vegetarian diet containing 1. In an effort to isolate the effects of the dietary component of each. We encouraged all participants to take a nonprescription. To approximate the realistic long- term sustainability. We asked participants. Using a computerized diet analysis program (Nutritionist. Five, version 2. 3, First Data. Bank Inc, San Bruno, Calif), we calculated the. We also telephoned participants monthly and asked. We also asked participants to report medication changes, hospitalizations. Participants. were blinded to timing of assessments until 2 weeks before each visit, and. We measured body weight using a single. Detecto, Webb City, Mo) of the participants with them wearing. We measured waist size as the mean of 2 readings. Dinamap, Criticon Inc, Tampa, Fla). We obtained blood samples after. HDL cholesterol. triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high- sensitivity C- reactive protein, and. We. used the Friedewald formula. LDL cholesterol. We also obtained urine samples from 2. We documented. changes in exercise category (vigorous, moderate, mild, or minimal) according. Using t tests and a 2- sided type I error. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences in baseline variables. Absolute changes for each. To assess the. null hypothesis of no change from baseline, we used 1- sample t test for normally distributed variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Missing data were replaced with baseline data for a. We used linear regression. We used SPSS version 1. SPSS Inc, Chicago. Ill) for all statisticall analyses. All P values. were 2- sided; P. Compared with men, women had significantly. Hg), and triglyceride levels (1. L. . Women were also more likely to be nonwhite. At 1 year. there was a nonsignificant trend (P. Twenty- seven of 6. Individuals who discontinued the study had less. P. The most common reasons cited for discontinuation. We were unable to identify any diet- related adverse event. We found no evidence of clinically. At baseline. 1. 47 (9. Mean total energy intake. There were no significant. For. each group, dietary adherence as assessed by diet records decreased progressively. P. As with diet. records, adherence according to self- report gradually decreased over time. Figure. 2). Nevertheless, approximately 2. In each diet group. Weight reductions were highly associated. Pearson r. In women, mean (SD) body weight decreased by 2. P. Participants in the top tertile of. All diets reduced. LDL cholesterol levels at 1 year, although this did not reach statistical. Atkins group (P. The LDL/HDL. P<. 0. 5). No diet program significantly altered triglycerides, blood. The lower carbohydrate diets (Atkins. Zone) were more likely to reduce triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure. Atkins diet failed to significantly. P. The secondary. Table 4), demonstrated larger but otherwise similar changes overall. The amount of weight loss predicted the amount of improvement in several. Figure 4). For. each diet, weight loss was significantly associated with changes in total/HDL. No diet significantly worsened any cardiac. At. 1 year, the numbers of participants with increased and decreased exercise. Atkins, 1. 0 and 7 for Zone, 1. Weight Watchers, and 8 and 3 for Ornish groups, respectively. The amount. of weight loss was associated with changes in exercise level (r. After. accounting for dietary adherence, there was no significant association between. The number of prescription medications (mean, 2. Adjusting for changes in baseline medication use did not materially. For example, 4 to 7 participants in each group. Zone group and initiated during the study by primary. Atkins and Weight Watchers groups and for. Zone group. When individuals who initiated cholesterol- lowering medication. LDL/HDL. cholesterol ratios observed with each diet remained statistically significant. Despite a substantial percentage of participants who could sustain. The higher discontinuation rates for the Atkins. Ornish diet groups suggest many individuals found these diets to be too. To optimally manage a national epidemic of excess body weight. One way to improve dietary adherence rates in clinical practice may. Participants. in our study were not allowed to choose their dietary assignment; however. Our. findings challenge the concept that 1 type of diet is best for everybody and. Likewise, our findings do not support. Our results support a growing body of research suggesting that carbohydrate. Low carbohydrate diets consistently increase HDL cholesterol,1. In the long run, however, sustained adherence to. The clinical significance of diet- induced changes in HDL cholesterol. High- carbohydrate/low- fat diets typically reduce or fail to increase. HDL cholesterol levels, but insufficient data exist to determine whether this. Similarly, the increase. HDL cholesterol associated with low- carbohydrate/high- fat diets is of unclear. Increased saturated. HDL cholesterol increases in the. Atkins diet, although we observed no such association between. HDL cholesterol and saturated fat in our study. The reduction in. LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio observed for each diet is suggestive but not conclusive. Clearly, the cardiovascular and. By design, our study provided a limited amount of support beyond the. A benefit of this. A drawback. is that this approach is poorly suited to determine the effects of each diet. Research studies and clinical programs that. Our study has several limitations. Our study was designed to identify. Our study had a relatively high rate. Our study was limited in its ability. Finally, the measurements of dietary intake and adherence relied. In conclusion, poor sustainability and adherence rates resulted in modest. Cardiovascular outcomes. More research is also needed to identify practical techniques. Corresponding Author: Michael L. Dansinger. MD, Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Tufts- New England Medical Center. Box 2. 16, Boston Dispensary 3. Washington St, Boston, MA 0. Author Contributions: Dr Dansinger had full. Study concept and design: Dansinger, Griffith. Selker, Schaefer. Acquisition of data: Dansinger, Gleason, Schaefer. Analysis and interpretation of data: Dansinger. Gleason, Selker, Schaefer. Drafting of the manuscript: Dansinger, Griffith. Schaefer. Critical revision of the manuscript for important. Dansinger, Gleason, Griffith, Selker, Schaefer. Statistical analysis: Dansinger, Griffith. Obtained funding: Dansinger, Selker, Schaefer. Administrative, technical, or material support. Dansinger, Gleason, Selker, Schaefer. Study supervision: Selker, Schaefer. Funding/Support: This study was supported by. MO1- RR0. 00. 54 from the General Clinical Research Center via the National. Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). HL5. 74. 77 from the NIH; contract 5. US Department of Agriculture. P3. 0DK4. 62. 00 from the Human Metabolic and Genetics Core Laboratory of the. Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center program. Dr Dansinger was supported. T3. 2 HS0. 00. 60 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Role of the Sponsors: The General Clinical. Research Center scientific staff provided consultation in the design of the. The General Clinical Research Center nursing staff provided assistance. No sponsor participated in the analysis or interpretation. Acknowledgment: We thank Wenjun Li, Ph. D, from. the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Division of Preventive and. Behavioral Medicine, for statistical assistance; Judith Mc. Namara, MT, and. Kourosh Zonous- Hashemi, BS, from the Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer. USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, for performing the. Elias Seyoum, Ph. D, from the Nutrition Evaluation Laboratory. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, for performing. General Clinical Research Center staff from Tufts- New. England Medical Center for technical assistance; Kendrin Sonneville, MS, RD. Jacquelyn Stamm, MS, RD, for performing diet record analyses; and Sylvia. Peterson, for administrative support. Atkins' New Diet Revolution.? Atkins' New Diet Cookbook.?
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